Reconstructing interference fringes in slit experiments by complex quantum trajectories

There are external and internal representations for a quantum state Ψ. External representation is commonly adopted in the standard quantum mechanics by exploiting probability density function Ψ*Ψ to explain the observed interference fringes in slit experiments. On the other hand, in quantum Hamilton mechanics, the quantum state Ψ has a dynamical representation that reveals the internal mechanism underlying the externally observed interference fringes. The internal representation of Ψ is described by a set of Hamilton equations of motion, by which quantum trajectories of a particle moving in Ψ can be solved. In this article, millions of complex quantum trajectory connecting slits to a screen are solved from the Hamilton equations, and the statistical distribution of their arrivals on the screen is shown to reproduce the observed interference fringes. This appears to be the first quantitative verification of the equivalence between the trajectory‐based statistics and the wavefunction‐based statistics on slit experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A robust multi‐grid pressure‐based algorithm for multi‐fluid flow at all speeds

This paper reports on the implementation and testing, within a full non‐linear multi‐grid environment, of a new pressure‐based algorithm for the prediction of multi‐fluid flow at all speeds. The algorithm is part of the mass conservation‐based algorithms (MCBA) group in which the pressure correction equation is derived from overall mass conservation. The performance of the new method is assessed by solving a series of two‐dimensional two‐fluid flow test problems varying from turbulent low Mach number to supersonic flows, and from very low to high fluid density ratios. Solutions are generated for several grid sizes using the single grid (SG), the prolongation grid (PG), and the full non‐linear multi‐grid (FMG) methods. The main outcomes of this study are: (i) a clear demonstration of the ability of the FMG method to tackle the added non‐linearity of multi‐fluid flows, which is manifested through the performance jump observed when using the non‐linear multi‐grid approach as compared to the SG and PG methods; (ii) the extension of the FMG method to predict turbulent multi‐fluid flows at all speeds. The convergence history plots and CPU‐times presented indicate that the FMG method is far more efficient than the PG method and accelerates the convergence rate over the SG method, for the problems solved and the grids used, by a factor reaching a value as high as 15. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct algorithms to solve the two‐sided obstacle problem for an M‐matrix

In this paper, two direct algorithms for solving the two‐sided obstacle problem with an M‐matrix are presented. The algorithms are well defined and have polynomial computational complexity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive λ-tracking-control for relative degree two systems with application to bio-inspired sensors

This paper deals with the (adaptive) control of a sensory system, which is inspired by biological ideas concerning the behaviour of a tactile hair or sensillum. The cells for reception of vibrations adjust their sensibility to a continuing excitement, such that this permanent excitation of the whole system tends to the rest position. Hence, this biological paradigm demonstrates a fundamental principle: adaption. In general, one cannot expect to have complete information about a sophisticated mechanical or biological system, but instead only structural properties (e.g. minimum phase condition, strict relative degree) are known. Therefore, the method of adaptive control is chosen in this paper. The aim is to design a universal adaptive controller, which learns from the behaviour of the system, so automatically adjusts its parameters and achieves a pre-specified control objective. Since we deal with a non-linearly perturbed multi-input, multi-output system, which is not necessarily autonomous, particular attention is paid to the λ-tracking control objective. Simple adaptive servomechanisms, which achieve tracking of a given reference signal for any pre-specified accuracy (tracking-error) λ, are introduced. We stress that the introduced adaptive controllers consist of very simple feedback mechanisms and adaptation rules. These controllers are only based on information about the output of the system – no knowledge of system parameters is required.     

Two Photon‐Induced Electron Injection From a Nanotrigger in Native Endothelial NO‐Synthase

We have recently designed a nanotrigger (NT), a photoactive molecule addressing the NADPH sites of proteins. This nanotrigger has a 10³ times larger two‐photon cross‐section compared to the ubiquitous NADPH cofactor. In this work, we tested whether two‐photon excitation of the bound NT to NADPH sites may be used to initiate enzymatic catalysis by appropriate electron injection. To establish proof of principle, we monitored the ultrafast absorption of NT bound to the fully active endothelial NO‐Synthase (eNOS) following excitation by one and two‐photons at 405 and 810 nm, respectively. Electron injection from NT* to FAD in eNOS initiated the catalytic cycle in 15±3 ps at both exciting wavelengths. The data proved for the first time that electron transfer can be promoted by two‐photon excitation. We also show that the nanotrigger decays faster in homogeneous solvents than in the NADPH site of proteins, suggesting that hindered environments modified the natural decay of NT. The nanotrigger provides a convenient way of synchronizing an ensemble of proteins in solution with a femtosecond laser pulse. The ability of NT to initiate NOS catalysis by two‐photon excitation may be exploited for controlled and localized release of free NO in cells with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.     

A further work on multi‐phase two‐fluid approach for compressible multi‐phase flows

This paper is to continue our previous work Niu (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2001; 36 :351–371) on solving a two‐fluid model for compressible liquid–gas flows using the AUSMDV scheme. We first propose a pressure–velocity‐based diffusion term originally derived from AUSMDV scheme Wada and Liou (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 1997; 18 (3):633—657) to enhance its robustness. The scheme can be applied to gas and liquid fluids universally. We then employ the stratified flow model Chang and Liou (J. Comput. Physics 2007; 225 :240–873) for spatial discretization. By defining the fluids in different regions and introducing inter‐phasic force on cell boundary, the stratified flow model allows the conservation laws to be applied on each phase, and therefore, it is able to capture fluid discontinuities, such as the fluid interfaces and shock waves, accurately. Several benchmark tests are studied, including the Ransom's Faucet problem, 1D air–water shock tube problems, 2D shock‐water column and 2D shock‐bubble interaction problems. The results indicate that the incorporation of the new dissipation into AUSM⁺‐up scheme and the stratified flow model is simple, accurate and robust enough for the compressible multi‐phase flows. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向规则的智能空间数据质检模型及实现

为了提高空间数据质检的效率，实现要素类间拓扑空间关系的智能检测，提出了面向规则的智能空间数据质检模型（RSTT），重点讨论了RSTT模型体系结构和拓扑规则等核心问题．基于RSTT和四层体系结构模型，以空间数据质检方案的灵活定制、数据批量自动检查和质检规则零编码扩展等为目标，开发了空间数据质检系统LR_Checker．通过近40G的国土资源空间数据测试表明，应用LR_Checker进行数据检查可大大降低空间数据建库的工作量，并可有效控制数据质量，同时也证明RSTT模型的正确性、有效性和合理性．     

范德瓦尔斯分子p—C6H4FCH3...Ar外部振动的共振双光子电离光谱

利用单色共振双光子电离光谱技术研究了ｐ－Ｃ６Ｈ４ＦＣＨ３与Ａｒ形成的范德瓦尔斯分子ｐ－Ｃ６Ｈ４ＦＣｈ３．．．Ａｒ电子太跃迁Ｏ带附近的光谱，观察到了许多谱带。分析表明，这些谱带，除来自于甲基ＣＨ３内转动跃迁外，都可以归属为Ａｒ相对于ｐ－Ｃ６Ｈ４ＦＣＨ３的振动跃迁。在用三维谐湃郛波函数一组合作为基和内德－琼斯作用的基础上，借助量子力学方法计算了ｐ－Ｃ６Ｈ４ＦＣＨ３．．．Ａｒ分子中范德瓦斯振动的能级，计     

Diagnostic system for two dimension intensity distribution of laser beam

The diagnostic system for two dimension(2-D)intensity distribution of laserbeam is a measuring instrument for many parameters of laser beam.2-D intensity distributionplot of laser beam is obtained by the two dimension scanning mirror which is controlled by amicrocomputer to scan the laser beam on a detector.Many parameters of laser beam such asthe isointensity distribution plot,the beam diameter,the beam waist diameter,the laser pow-er,the diverge angle and the beam brightness,are given by means of the microcomputer pro-cessing the data measured.Theoretical analysis of beam parameter transform is given.